Overdose education, bystander nasal naloxone rescue kits associated with decreased opioid overdose death

Public release date: 1-Feb-2013
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Contact: Jenny Eriksen Leary
jenny.eriksen@bmc.org
617-638-6841
Boston University Medical Center

(Boston) In a study of communities in Massachusetts with high numbers of opioid overdose deaths, the implementation of overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) was associated with a significant reduction in opioid overdose death rates. Led by researchers at Boston Medical Center (BMC), Boston University Schools of Medicine (BUSM) and Public Health (BUSPH) in collaboration with the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) and published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ), this study provides observational evidence that OEND is an effective public health intervention to address the epidemic of fatal opioid overdose.

Opioids include substances such as heroin and prescription pain relievers, namely hydrocodone, oxycodone, codeine, morphine and fentanyl. The rate of opioid overdose continues to rise and is a major cause of preventable death. Opioid related overdose deaths have exceeded the number of motor vehicle deaths each year since 2005 in Massachusetts and are the leading cause of injury death in the commonwealth.

OEND is an innovative, community-based intervention that educates people at risk for overdose and potential bystanders on how to prevent, recognize and respond to an overdose. It also equips these individuals with a naloxone rescue kit. Naloxone, which may be administered by injection or by nasal spray, is a safe and effective antidote that reverses the life-threatening effects of an opioid overdose.

Between 2006 and 2009 in 19 communities with a high prevalence of opioid overdose deaths, Massachusetts OEND programs organized, funded and supported by MDPH trained 2,912 potential bystanders who reported 327 rescues. After adjusting for community level factors, including the use of addiction treatment and doctor shopping for prescription opioids, communities with low levels of OEND training had 27 percent lower opioid overdose death rates and communities with high levels of OEND training had 46 percent lower opioid overdose death rates compared to communities with no training.

"Opioid overdose is a major public health problem for which we have few proven solutions. This study provides observational evidence that OEND can have a population-level dose effect in reducing overdose death rates, where the greater the implementation, the greater the impact," said Alexander Walley, MD, MSc, an attending physician in general internal medicine at BMC and the study's lead author. Walley is an assistant professor of medicine at BUSM and medical director for the MDPH's Opioid Overdose Prevention Program. "Together with a recent study, which demonstrated that OEND is highly cost effective, it appears that OEND is a promising, scalable and affordable tool to save lives from opioid overdose."

###

Funding for this study was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention under award number 1R21CE001602 (Principal Investigator: Walley). To view the article on the BMJ website, go to http://www.bmj.com/cgi/doi/10.1136/bmj.f174.

Go to www.overdosepreventionalliance.org/p/od-prevention-program-locator.html for information on the closest overdose prevention program. Go to www.prescribetoprevent.org if you are a health care provider interested in prescribing naloxone rescue kits.

Written by Tiffany Groover, MD, MPH

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Public release date: 1-Feb-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Jenny Eriksen Leary
jenny.eriksen@bmc.org
617-638-6841
Boston University Medical Center

(Boston) In a study of communities in Massachusetts with high numbers of opioid overdose deaths, the implementation of overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) was associated with a significant reduction in opioid overdose death rates. Led by researchers at Boston Medical Center (BMC), Boston University Schools of Medicine (BUSM) and Public Health (BUSPH) in collaboration with the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) and published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ), this study provides observational evidence that OEND is an effective public health intervention to address the epidemic of fatal opioid overdose.

Opioids include substances such as heroin and prescription pain relievers, namely hydrocodone, oxycodone, codeine, morphine and fentanyl. The rate of opioid overdose continues to rise and is a major cause of preventable death. Opioid related overdose deaths have exceeded the number of motor vehicle deaths each year since 2005 in Massachusetts and are the leading cause of injury death in the commonwealth.

OEND is an innovative, community-based intervention that educates people at risk for overdose and potential bystanders on how to prevent, recognize and respond to an overdose. It also equips these individuals with a naloxone rescue kit. Naloxone, which may be administered by injection or by nasal spray, is a safe and effective antidote that reverses the life-threatening effects of an opioid overdose.

Between 2006 and 2009 in 19 communities with a high prevalence of opioid overdose deaths, Massachusetts OEND programs organized, funded and supported by MDPH trained 2,912 potential bystanders who reported 327 rescues. After adjusting for community level factors, including the use of addiction treatment and doctor shopping for prescription opioids, communities with low levels of OEND training had 27 percent lower opioid overdose death rates and communities with high levels of OEND training had 46 percent lower opioid overdose death rates compared to communities with no training.

"Opioid overdose is a major public health problem for which we have few proven solutions. This study provides observational evidence that OEND can have a population-level dose effect in reducing overdose death rates, where the greater the implementation, the greater the impact," said Alexander Walley, MD, MSc, an attending physician in general internal medicine at BMC and the study's lead author. Walley is an assistant professor of medicine at BUSM and medical director for the MDPH's Opioid Overdose Prevention Program. "Together with a recent study, which demonstrated that OEND is highly cost effective, it appears that OEND is a promising, scalable and affordable tool to save lives from opioid overdose."

###

Funding for this study was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention under award number 1R21CE001602 (Principal Investigator: Walley). To view the article on the BMJ website, go to http://www.bmj.com/cgi/doi/10.1136/bmj.f174.

Go to www.overdosepreventionalliance.org/p/od-prevention-program-locator.html for information on the closest overdose prevention program. Go to www.prescribetoprevent.org if you are a health care provider interested in prescribing naloxone rescue kits.

Written by Tiffany Groover, MD, MPH

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-02/bumc-oeb020113.php

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Stewart Slams the GOP for Their 'Craven Political Calculation' to Win Back the Hispanic Vote

After giving his viewers a little reminder of what the Republicans sounded like during the 2012 Republican presidential primary race and their blatant race baiting and fearmongering over "illegal immigrants" Jon Stewart took Sen. John McCain and his buddies to task for their "craven political calculation" to try to "squeeze out enough votes" to make states like Nevada competitive again with their flip-flop on passing some sort of immigration reform.

Stewart brought on his correspondent Al Madrigal for his input as to whether the Republicans are going to be successful in their endeavor and Madrigal wasn't too optimistic, given that they appear to be holding their noses while doing what's obviously just politically expedient rather than something they actually support and due to the length of time that "Latinos hold grudges" and who are not going to forget any time soon the way they've been treated by Republicans.

When Stewart asked if there was another demographic they might have any more luck with in the future, like African Americans or women, Madrigal's fellow correspondent Jessica Williams interrupted the segment and put in her two cents about the fact that Republicans aren't going to have any luck there either, especially after remarks like those from "legitimate rape" Todd Akin and the House Republicans deciding to hold their annual retreat -- where they were supposed to be focusing on minority outreach -- at a former slave plantation.

Source: http://crooksandliars.com/heather/stewart-slams-gop-their-craven-political-c

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NIH should retire most chimpanzees from medical research, panel says (+video)

Hundreds of chimpanzees at NIH facilities should no longer be used as test subjects, the panel said, but 50 should be kept as a contingency, adding that all the chimps should be housed more comfortably.

By Pete Spotts,?Staff writer / January 23, 2013

Ron, featured in the film 'Chimpanzees: An Unnatural History', was born in a research lab and spent most of his life in isolation. Subsequently, he went to live at the Save the Chimps sanctuary in Ft. Pierce, Florida.

Courtesy of Save the Chimps /PBS

Enlarge

A senior scientific advisory panel at the National Institutes of Health, in a step toward phasing out the use of chimpanzees in federally funded medical research,?has found "no compelling evidence" to support keeping hundreds of chimpanzees at NIH facilities and recommends that all but about 50 chimps be retired.

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This small group would remain available as a contingency should some unforeseen disease emerge for which chimps would be the best stand-ins for humans. But they, along with the retirees, would be housed in facilities designed to more adequately accommodate the full range of normal chimp physical and social activities ? from climbing, foraging, and daily nest-building to hanging out in sizable groups on branches high off the ground, according to the panel.

The panel also recommends ending 16 of 30 research projects involving chimpanzees that the NIH currently is funding. The largest proportional hit falls on biomedical research, one of three categories of projects. Six out of nine current biomedical projects would end.

The ultimate driver behind the recommendations: concerns about the value and ethics of using chimpanzees, biologically the nearest relative to humans, for physically painful and intrusive infectious-disease research.

If the 28 recommendations are implemented, the effort would represent "an historic step forward" in moving chimps out of the lab and into sanctuaries, says Kathleen Conlee, vice-president for animal-research issues at the Humane Society of the United States, based in Washington.

Even foes of federal legislation to greatly restrict the use of chimps and other "great apes" in biomedical research see merit in the new recommendations.

As a stand-in for humans, "the chimpanzee has played a very important role in the evolution of biomedical research," notes Frankie Trull, president of the National Association for Biomedical Research (NABR) in Washington, which fought against the Great Apes Protection and Cost Reduction Act of 2011, which died in December with the end of the 113th Congress.

But biomedical science has advanced, Ms. Trull continues. And keeping chimpanzees is expensive; chimps are not euthanized but must be cared for until they die naturally. Researchers have found alternative animal models for some of the kinds of studies that once centered on chimps.

Although NABR opposed the Great Ape Protection and Cost Reduction Act, the group is comfortable with the recommendations the NIH is now considering, Trull says.

The case for change and the steps to take came from the scientific community, she observes, adding, "scientists should determine what animal models should be used, not Congress."

Chimpanzees represent a tiny proportion of animals used in biomedical research. The overwhelming majority of animals used are either rodents or zebra fish.

The recommendations represent the outcome of a process that began at the end of 2010, when three US senators asked the US National Academies to examine the issue, as did the NIH. A year later, the National Academies' Institute of Medicine released its report.

The 86-page report released for comment on Jan. 22 was pulled together by a senior working group that the NIH gathered to turn the Institute of Medicine's report into specific recommendations.

If adopted, the recommendations would apply only to NIH-owned chimps and those used in the course of NIH-funded research. Of 670 chimps the NIH owns or supports, 219 have been retired. Some 282 are research-ready. Another 169 have been labeled "research inactive," a kind of bridge category between the first two.

By some estimates, another 350 chimps would fall outside the purview of these recommendations because they are owned either by private pharmaceutical companies or by universities.

Indeed, the Human Society's Ms. Conlee suggests the Great Ape Protection Act is likely to be reintroduced this year to broaden restrictions to chimps not covered by the new recommendations.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/science/~3/17RvnU6kQnY/NIH-should-retire-most-chimpanzees-from-medical-research-panel-says-video

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Website Web Page Design ? Blog Archive ? What is a CMS?

To learn more about CMS platforms, go to websmart.tv In web terminology, CMS stands for ?Content Management System,? and describes a method of managing content, workflow, and collaboration online. CMS?s have revolutionized the way people think about and control content on websites. Web CMS? are designed to simplify the production and publication of content on a website, allowing less technically inclined users to create and publish without having to know a lot of web programming. Today, ?open source? content management systems like WordPress and Drupal, which are free to download, install, and customize, have taken the momentum away from proprietary applications. Content management systems present businesses of all shapes, sizes, and industries with powerful means of creating and maintaining their own website and online content. With the growth and development of open source technologies, versatile content management systems have never been more affordable and powerful.

Filed under Content Management System.

January 31st, 2013

Source: http://www.websitewebpagedesign.com/?p=2537

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Researchers unveil first artificial enzyme created by evolution in a test tube

Thursday, January 31, 2013

There's a wobbly new biochemical structure in Burckhard Seelig's lab at the University of Minnesota that may resemble what enzymes looked like billions of years ago, when life on earth began to evolve ? long before they became ingredients for new and improved products, from detergents to foods and fuels.

Seelig created the fledgling enzyme by using directed evolution in the laboratory. Working with colleague Gianluigi Veglia, graduate student Fa-An Chao, and other team members, he subsequently determined its structure, which made its debut December 9 as an advance online publication in Nature Chemical Biology. Lab tests show that the enzyme (a type of RNA ligase, which connects two RNA molecules) functions like natural enzymes although its structure looks very different and it is flexible rather than rigid. Seelig speculates the new protein resembles primordial enzymes, before their current structures evolved.

Seelig and Veglia are professors in the College of Biological Sciences, where Fa-An Chao is a graduate student. Both faculty members have appointments in the Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and Seelig is member of the BioTechnology Institute.

While a handful of groups worldwide are developing artificial enzymes, they use rational design to construct the proteins on computers. Instead, the Seelig lab employs directed evolution. "To my knowledge, our enzyme is the only entirely artificial enzyme created in a test tube by simply following the principles of natural selection and evolution," he says.

Rational enzyme design relies on preconceived notions of what a new enzyme should look like and how it should function. In contrast, directed evolution involves producing a large quantity of candidate proteins and screening several generations to produce one with the desired function. With this approach, the outcome isn't limited by current knowledge of enzyme structure.

"Just as in nature, only the fittest survive after each successive generation," Seelig explains. The process continues until it produces an enzyme that efficiently catalyzes a desired biochemical reaction. In this case, the new enzyme joins two pieces of RNA together.

"It's kind of like giving typewriters to monkeys," he says. "One monkey and one typewriter won't produce anything clever. But if you have enough monkeys and typewriters, eventually one of them will write 'to be or not to be'." The lottery provides another analogy. "If you buy more tickets, you're more likely to win," Seelig says.

Like all proteins, the new RNA ligase enzyme is a chain of amino acids folded into a 3D structure, but the resemblance stops there. Natural enzymes, like all proteins, are made from alpha helices and beta strands. Seelig's artificial enzyme lacks those structures. Instead, it forms around two metal ions and is not rigid. "Compared to enzymes we know from nature, the artificial enzyme has a rather unusual structure and dynamics," Seelig says.

For decades, naturally occurring enzymes have been tweaked by industry to make industrial processes and products more effective. The ability to create enzymes from scratch using a natural process opens the door to a vast array of new products that provide business opportunities and improve quality of life without harmful environmental effects.

Going forward, Seelig plans to create enzymes with useful applications while he continues to explore the underlying basic science of enzyme structure and function, aiming to learn more about the origin of enzymes and how proteins evolve.

"Enzymes have always fascinated me," he says. "It's rewarding to do work that has practical applications yet provides the opportunity to better understand how life on earth evolved."

###

University of Minnesota: http://www.umn.edu

Thanks to University of Minnesota for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

This press release has been viewed 37 time(s).

Source: http://www.labspaces.net/126548/Researchers_unveil_first_artificial_enzyme_created_by_evolution_in_a_test_tube

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The Digital Entrepreneur Mastermind Club [DIGIENTREP] | Ben ...

DigiEntrep: EMPOWER 1,000 Filipino Digital Entrepreneurs by Year 2018

What is a Mastermind Club?

A Mastermind is a union of like-minded individuals, collaboratively working together to achieve a common purpose by sharing knowledge and resources as they support each other their individual goals.

The concept of a Mastermind was originally coined by Napoleon Hill in his best selling book ?Think and Grow Rich.? While he was working on this book, he was very much influenced by the Steel Industrialist Andrew Carnegie. According to Hill:

??Mr. Carnegie?s Master Mind group consisted of a staff of approximately fifty men, with whom he surrounded himself, for the DEFINITE PURPOSE of manufacturing and marketing steel. He attributed his entire fortune to the POWER he accumulated through this ?Master Mind.??

Since then, Mastermind groups have been a driving force in creating tremendous results in businesses and in the achievement of goals of organizations.

?

What is the Digital Entrepreneur Mastermind Group?

The Digital Entrepreneur Mastermind Group or DigiEntrep is a Mastermind Group who?s main purpose is to Empower 1,000 Filipino Digital Entrepreneurs by the year 2018, thereby increase the Filipino Economic Level and improve the quality of living in the Philippines. DigiEntrep will be composed of both seasoned and newbie Entrepreneurs from diverse industries who wish to create business success in the Internet in this digital age.
DigiEntrep is part of Francia Internet Marketing Training and Consultancy Group.

What are the benefits of being admitted to DigiEntrep?

Some of the benefits include:

• A support group dedicated to your online success.
• Get the benefit of diverse perspectives, input and feedback.
• Get access to resources and connections you might not have had on your own.
• Receive accountability and inspiration from the group, enabling you to maintain focus in achieving your goal.
• Weekly Mastermind Meetings.
• Webinars and Online Discussions
• Membership Portal and Facebook Group
• Online Library of Digital Marketing Resources
  • audio books
  • videos
  • ebooks
  • checklists and guides
• Quarterly Workshops
• Internet Business Planning Sessions and Consultancy
• Discounts on Trainings, Conventions and Other Services
• And Much More.

?

How can I be admitted to DigiEntrep?

DigiEntrep is open to all Filipino Entrepreneurs regardless of business experience, age, gender, industry or location, who wish to network with like minded people and attain business success by harnessing the power of the Internet and other digital technologies.

Here are the basic requirements to be admitted to the club:

• An invitation to attend the orientation
• Attendance to the orientation.
• A letter of Intent.
• A fully accomplished application form.
• A written vouch of confidence from an existing member.
• An interview with the DigiEntrep Chairman.

After the above items have been accomplished and the candidate meets the Values and Standards of the organization, the candidate will receive a formal letter of acceptance as an official member of the club and contribute an annual membership fee of P1,800 to maintain membership.

To find out more about DigiEntrep, join us in our first Orientation and Networking night on February 7, 2013, Thursday at the Juanito?s Grill and Restaurant in Brgy. Kapitolyo Pasig City.

Please fill up this form to confirm your attendance:

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return true; } // ]]>
See you there! ?

Source: http://www.benfrancia.com/internet-marketing/the-digital-entrepreneur-mastermind-club-digientrep/

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TEXT-Fitch: Marginal Earnings Upside for China's FAI-Related Industries

(The following was released by the rating agency)

Link to Fitch Ratings' Report: 2013 Outlook: China

Fixed-Asset Investment

http://www.fitchratings.com/creditdesk/reports/report_frame.cfm?rpt_id=700172

SINGAPORE/HONG KONG, January 30 (Fitch) Fitch Ratings says

in a new report that it expects a firmer economic outlook for

China in 2013 to only marginally improve the operating

environment of fixed asset investment (FAI)-related sectors.

This is because a protracted period of industry restructuring to

address excess production capacity is essential to enhance the

longer-term outlook.

Specific product classes - concrete, rebar, light rail steel

- that benefit from urbanisation may continue to perform well

while slower industrial production capacity growth may constrain

the performance of companies in the heavy industry sector.

The report also highlights that global demand changes may

complicate the operating environment, putting cost and pricing

pressure on an already thin profit margin. Another risk is that

a rapid pace of industry consolidation driven by the state may

hurt corporate balance sheets as few companies have the

financial resources and operational breadth to undertake M&A

large enough to materially affect the industry competition

structure.

Currently Fitch rates the following companies:

Aluminum Corporation of China Limited ('BBB+'/Stable)

Baosteel Group Corporation ('A-'/Stable)

China Hanking Holdings Limited ('BB-'/Stable)

China Hongqiao Group Limited ('BB'/Positive)

China Liansu Group Holdings Limited ('BB'/Stable)

China Oriental Group Company Limited ('BB+'/Negative)

China Shanshui Cement Group Limited ('BB-'/Positive)

Delong Holdings Limited ('B'/Negative)

West China Cement Limited ('BB-'/Stable)

Winsway Coking Coal Holdings Limited ('BB-'/Negative)

Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Co. Ltd

('BBB-'/Stable)

The report, '2013: China Fixed-Asset Investment', is

available on www.fitchratings.com or by clicking on the link

above.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/text-fitch-marginal-earnings-upside-chinas-fai-related-035418588--sector.html

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